Research Achievement Research award 1: Name: Ecological Studies on Vegetation Rehabilitation in Tropical and Subtropical areas The fruits based on both of Heshan Station and Xiaoliang Station, research sites covered tropical and subtropical areas, including partial areas of Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan Province. During the research, more than 260 publications and 9 scientific books had been published, 10 of PhD and MS postgraduates had been trained, the structure reasonable research team had been established, the fruits had been got is outstanding. In theory, the fruits had been surrounded by the forward issues of international vegetation restoration ecology, it is that (1) firstly declared a creative viewpoint that the restoration of extreme degraded tropical and subtropical ecosystems should be done by three courses of biological and engineering technology, the restored velocity of structure and function of degraded ecosystems don’t synchronize during restoration, the restoration of tropical and subtropical types of plant community need about 40 years, but the restoration of biomass and soil fertility need more than 100 years; under some man-made measures to drive, tropical and subtropical seasonal rain forests and evergreen-broadleaved forests can be restored after having been ruined; that (2) it was emphasized that the biological diversity lead to the stability of ecosystems, plant’s diversity are foundation of the diversity of animal and microbe; that (3) the structure, function and dynamical mechanism of evergreen-broadleaved forests were studied roundly. In practice, the fruits has provided the classical experience in tropical and subtropical vegetation restoration, and provided reference for restoration and optimization of Chinese ecological environment. The fruits has mature methods and techniques for demonstration and an abroad application prospects for 4.7 hundred million hm2 of tropical and subtropical hilly land areas. The research results have been applied as follows: (1) the good trees species for afforestation such as Acacia mangium, A. auriculeaformis, Schima superba and Castanopsis hickellii atc had been filtrated and optimized; (2) the needle-broadleaves mixed forests, the complex ecosystem of forest-fruits-grass-fish pattern, Vetiveria zizanioides and water-soil preserve forest had been demonstrated and extended, so far the extension had reached a continued area of near 20 thousand hm2 by demonstration, and given birth to huge ecological benefit and improved regional ecological environment. By the application of these afforestation trees species, man-made forest and agroforestry ecosystem pattern it had brought economic benefit of more than 3.5 billion Yuan, also brought remarkable societal benefit of opportunities for obtaining employment and attracted foreign businessman for investment. There were novel research methods, long periods research periods, credible data and large extension areas in this fruits, it not only had obtained outstanding fruits in many research fields, but also the publications and scientific books were cited by native and foreign science researcher for more than 2000 times. The demonstration areas have already been visited by more than 500 person-times from more than 60 countries and more than 3000 person-times from our country, it has got the mandated projects from the UNESCO to conduct 3 training projects for south-east Asian countries. These results have important significance for the development of ecological discipline, moreover, it have important reference value for environmental management, prevention and decrease of natural disaster. The fruits had reached international lead level in vegetation restoration of tropical and subtropical seasonal rain forest and evergreen-broadleaf forest. The fruits were awarded Science and Technology Advancement First Prize in 1999 by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Certificate No. 99J-1-002-8 Research award 2: Name: Studies on theory and application of forest dynamics There were roundly studies of theory and methods in tropical and subtropical forest dynamics and vegetation restoration, and outstanding innovations in this fruits. In theory, the point of view of innovations on forest dynamics as follows: (1) the definition of forest community fluctuation was perfected, and the determination formula of plant community fluctuation intensity was put forward; (2) the renewal mechanism and complex cycle renewal pattern of tropical and subtropical forest community were explained, and it had been examined; (3) the theory of succession was perfected, and the theory of ecological climax was substantiated; (4) the method of measurement on forest community stability was put forward. In vegetation restoration, through using the demonstration areas and determination data, it clarified that tropical and subtropical extremely degraded ecosystems can be restored; it may be divided into 3 steps to do during restoration; biological diversity of ecosystems were the result of plant diversity, and that different biological species diversity were development cooperatively, the development of ecosystems diversity raised the stability of ecosystems. The new methods were that (1) putting forward 3 new formulae for the determination of plant community equality, for the determination of edge effect theory and effect intensity, and for the determination of multi-community niche overlap, respectively; (2) the subtropical seasonal evergreen-broadleaf forest had been forecasted by succession and analyzed by no linearity; (3) the changing process of productivity in forest dynamics had been disclosed; (4) the sampling method and measuring formula of association between species had been modified; (5) the simulated software package on forest dynamics had been established by using the method of ecosystem analysis; (6) the twenty permanent sampling sites and the database of forest dynamic and vegetation restoration had been established respectively; (7) the methods and techniques on restoration of tropical and subtropical degraded ecosystems had been found out, and it had brought enormous benefit from economy, ecology and society in practice. Currently, forest dynamics and vegetation restoration is one of the most important part of ecological research, it has important significance for improving ecological environment and increasing productivity in practice. Through the methods using the theory for instructing practice, and summarizing rule in practice, the mechanism on tropical and subtropical forest dynamics and vegetation restoration had been researched roundly. The methods and techniques on restoration of tropical and subtropical degraded ecosystems had been found out, and brought enormous benefit of economy, ecology and society through extending. The optimizing patterns had been extended successfully in Xiaoliang, Heshan, Wuhua, Nanao, Guangdong Province up to most of areas in South China, it had brought benefit of near 3.5 billion Yuan. The fruits had been used for instructing the work of vegetation restoration in South China with hilly lands of close 46 million hm2. 4 scientific books and more than 260 publications had been published, and they had been cited abroad by native and foreign science researcher: it were cited by SCI for more than 50 times, cited by native scholars for more than 3000 times. The demonstration areas have already been visited by more than 500 person-times from more than 60 countries and more than 3000 person-times from our country, it has got the mandated projects from the UNESCO to conduct 3 training projects for south-east Asian countries. The fruits had reached international leading level in subtropical forest dynamics The fruits were awarded Provincial Natural Science First Prize in 1999. Certificate No. Nature Science-1-01-10