Ecological study of Lake Donghu by the Institute of Hydrobiology was started from 40 years ago, investigating the structure, functioning and succession of the lake ecosystem which have won academic reputation for the station and the institute. Lake Donghu has experienced dramatic changes in the past five decades. These changes include: (1) a trophic state change from mesotrophy to hypertrophy; (2) dense blooms of cyanobacteria during every summer from the 1970s to 1984; (3) a cessation of blooms starting in 1985, with no recurrence; and (4) an increase, coincident with bloom declines, in the production of silver and bighead carp (filter-feeders) by more than tenfold. Our project- “Experiments to increase fish yield and investigations on biological productivity of Donghu Lake” obtained an award from State Science Assembly and a second- class Award for Advancements in Science and Technology from CAS in 1978. In this project, our researchers successfully raised fish yield of the lake from 182.5 t in 1971 to 801.5 t in 1978 by following basic ecological principles integrated with efficient techniques, averaging an successive increase of 23.5% annually. Current annual fish yield is stabilized around 1600 t, so the purpose to maintain a sustainable high fish yield in a sizable natural water body is reached. This project also brought about certain theoretical output contributory to the advancement of our freshwater fishery. Since 1978, further approaches have been made in studying the structure, functioning and biological productivity of the Donghu Lake ecosystem. This following-up project was conferred a second-class Award for Advancements in Science and Technology from CAS in 1988. The results of this research provided scientific basis to the identification for the causes, the assessment of the present situation, and to the measures for the abatement of eutrophication in Donghu Lake. Our books “Ecological studies of Donghu Lake” Book I and Book II, published in 1990 and 1995 by Science Press, Beijing, comprise a systematic presentation of our ecological studies. In the works, geology of the lake, physical and chemical properties of the lake water, structure and functioning of aquatic communities were described in detail. Impacts of human activities on the ecosystem were fully discussed. The project was conferred a first- class Natural Science Award by CAS in 1994. Since 1990, In situ enclosure experiments were conducted in the lake to detect the mechanisms for the disappearance of blooms in the lake since 1985. An increased stocking of the lake with both silver and bighead carp was found to play a decisive role in the elimination of cyanobacteria blooms. The results suggest the applicability of a new food-web manipulation (increased stocking with filter-feeding fish) for controlling cyanobacteria blooms in hypereutrophic lakes that differs from traditional biomanipulation in Europe and North America with piscivores. Attributing to this achievement, Prof. Xie Ping was conferred the Biwaco Prize for Ecology in 1999, Innovation Award of Young Scientest by CAS in 2001. Since 1998, 39 research papers have been published in SCI citation journals, 3 in other international journals, and 40 in CSCD citation journals. 2002 (1) Xie, L. & Xie, P. (2002) Long-term (1956-1999) dynamics of phosphorus in a shallow, subtropical Chinese lake with the possible effects of cyanobacterial blooms. Water Res. 36: 342-349. (2) Tang, H., Xie, P., Lu, M., Xie, L. and Wang J. (2002) Studies on the effects of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molotrix) on the phytoplankton in a shallow hypereutrophic lake through an enclosure experiment. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 87:107-119. (3) Gong, Z. and Xie P. & Li, Y. (2002) Effect of temperature and photoperiod on hatching of eggs of Tokunagayusuriga akamusi (Diptera: Chironomidae). J. Freshw. Biol. 17: 169-170 (4) Li. Y, Xie, P., Shi, Z. and Gong Z.（2002）Floral surveys on Gomphonemaceae and Cymbellaceae (Bacillariophyta) from the headwaters of the Yangtze River, Qinghai, China. J. Freshw. Biol. 17: 121-126 (5) Liu, H., Xie, P., Chen, F., Tang H. & Xie, L. (2002) Enhancement of planktonic rotifers by Microcystis aeruginosa blooms: an enclosure experiment in a shallow eutrophic lake. J. Freshw. Biol. 17: 239-247 (6) Jin, G., Li, Z. & Xie, P. (2002) The precocious Chinese mitten crab: changes of sexual gland, surval rate and life span in a freshwater lake. J. Crust. Biol. 22(2) :411-415. (7) Xie, P. & Wu, L. (2002) Enhancement of Moina micrura by the filter-feeding silver and bighead carps in a subtropical Chinese lake. Arch. Hydrobiol. 154:327-340. (8) Xi, Y.L., Jin, H.J., Xie, P., Huang, X.F. (2002) Morphological variation of Keratella cochlearis (Rotatoria) in a shallow, eutrophic subtropic Chinese lake. J. Freshw. Biol. 17: 447-454. (9) Xie, P. & Chen, Y. (2001) Invasive Carp in China's Plateau Lakes. Science 294: 999-1000. (10) Xie, P. (2001) Gut contents of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and the processing and digestion of algal cells in the alimentary canal. Aquaculture, 195:149-161. (11) Xie, P. and X. Chen (2001) Experimental and field studies of Mesocyclops notius (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) from a subtropical Chinese lake, Lake Donghu. J. Plankt. Res. 23:585-596. (12) Xie, P., Sanderson, B., Frost, T. and Magnuson, J. J. (2001) Manipulation of host density affects infestation of a peritrich ciliate (Epistylis lacustris) on a calanoid copepod (Leptodiaptomus minutus) in Crystal Lake, Wisconsin, USA. J. Freshw. Ecol. 16：557-564. (13) Jin, G., Li, Z. & Xie, P. (2001) The growth patterns of juvenile and precocious Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis (Decapoda, Grapsidae), stocked in freshwater lakes of China. Crustaceana 74(3):261-273. (14) Shao Z., Xie, P. and Zhuge, Y. (2001) Long-term changes of planktonic rotifers in a subtropical Chinese lake dominated by filter-feeding fishes. Freshw. Biol. 46, 1-14 (15) Lu, M. & Xie, P. (2001) Impacts of filter-feeding fishes on the long-term changes of crustacean zooplankton in a eutrophic subtropical Chinese lake. J. Freshw. Ecol. 16(2): 219-229. (16) Jin, G., Xie, P. and Li, Z. (2001) Effects of the stocking density and body size of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) on aquatic plant biomass. J. Freshw. Ecol. 16(3):341-345. (17) Jin, G., Li, Z. and Xie, P. (2002) Food habit and feeding rhythm of the early juvenile Chines mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. J. Freshw. Biol. (18) Gong, Z. and Xie P., 2001. Impact of Eutrophication on Biodiversity of macrozoobenthos Community in a Chinese Shallow Lake. J. Freshw. Ecol. 16(2):171-178. (19) Harvens, K.E., Fukushima, T., Xie, P., Iwakuma, T., Jams, R.T., Takamura, N., Hanazato, T. & Yamamoto, T. (2001) Nutrient dynamics and the eutrophication of shallow lakes Kasumigaura (Japan), Donghu (PR China), and Okeechobee (USA). Environ. Pollut. 111: 263-272. (20) Ni, L., 2001. Growth of Potamogeton maackianus under low-light stress in eutrophic water. J. Freshwat. Ecol.，16：249-256 (SCI) (21) Ni, L., 2001. Experimental study on the stresses of eutrophication to the growth of Potamogeton maackianus A. Been. J. Aquat. Plant manage. 39: 2000 (22) Xie, P., Iwakuma, T., Fujii, K. (2000) Effect of available food and temperature on the growth and reproduction of Daphnia rosea. J. Freshw. Ecol. 15:379-388. (23) Xie, P., Huang, X.F. & Takamura, N. (2000) Changes of Leptodora kindti abundance (1957-1996) in a planktivorous fishes-dominated subtropical Chinese lake (Lake Donghu). Arch. Hydrobiol. 147:351-372. (24) Xie, P. and Y. Yang (2000) Long-term changes of Copepoda community (1957-1996) in a subtropical Chinese lake stocked densely with planktivorous filter-feeding silver and bighead carps. J. Plankton Res. 22:1757-1778. (25) Tang, H. & Xie, P. (2000) Budgets and dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in a shallow, hypereutrophic lake in China. J. Freshw. Ecol. 15：505-514. (26) Gong, Z., Xie, P., Wang, S. (2000) A comparative study on macrozoobenthos in two shallow, mesotrophic Chinese lakes with contrasting sources of primary production. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 19: 709-724. (27) Wang, S., Gong, Z. and Xie, P.. (2000) Environmental factors and succession of aquatic insects in a shallow Chinese lake. B. Environ. Contam. Tox. 5: 701-707. (28) Zhou, Y., Li, J. & Fu, Y. (2000) Effects of submerged macrophytes on kinetics of alkaline phosphatase in Lake Donghu ?C I. Unfiltered water and sediments. Wat. Res. 34: 3737-3742. (SCI) 1999 (29) Xie, P. (1999) Gut contents of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and the disruption of a centric diatom, Cyclotella, on passage through the esophagus and intestine. Aquaculture 180:295-305. (30) Xie, P. and Chen Y. (1999) The Threats to Biological Diversity of Chinese Inland Waters (1999) Ambio 28(8) :674-681. (31) Fukushima, M., N. Takamura, L. Sun, M. Nakagawa, K. Matsushige & P. Xie (1999) Changes in plankton communities following the introduction of filter-feeding planktivorous fish. Freshw. Biol. 42:719-736. (32) Yang, Y., Hung, X. and Liu, J., 1999. Long term changes in crustacean zooplankton and water quality in a shallow, eutrophic Chinese lake densely stocked with fish. Hydrobiology 391:195-203. (SCI) 1998 (33) Xie, P., Iwakuma, T. & Fujii, K. (1998) Changes in the structure of a zooplankton community during a Ceratium (dinoflagellate) bloom in a eutrophic fishless pond. J. Plankton Res. 20:1663-1678. (34) Xie, P., Toshio Iwakuma and Koichi Fujii, 1998. Studies on the biology of Chaoborus flavicans (Meigen)(Diptera:Chaoboridae) in a fish-free eutrophic pond, Japan. Hydrobiologia 368: 83-90. (SCI) (35) Liu, J. K. and Cai, Q. H. 1998. Intergrated aquaculture in Chinese lakes and paddy fields. Ecological Engineering,11:49-59 (SCI) (36) Zhuge, Y. and Huang X., 1998. On a new species of Keratella (Rotifera: Monogononta: Brachionidae). Hydrobiologia, 368: (SCI) (37) Zhuge, Y., Kutikova, L. A. and Sudzuki, M., 1998. Nothoca dongtingensis (Rotifera: Monogononta: Brachionidae), a new species from Dongting Lake, China. Hydrobiology, 368:37-40. (SCI) (38) Zhuge, Y., Huang X. and Koste W., 1998. Rotifera recorded from China, 1893-1997, with remarks on their composition and distribution. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol., 83:217-232. (SCI) (39) Liang, X. F., Liu, J. K. and Huang, B. Y.1998. The role of sense organs in the Feeding behavior of Chinese perch. J. Fish Biol., 62:1058-1067. (SCI) (1) Liu, X. and Yacob, Y., 2000. (2) The response of Peridinium gatunense to different light regimes: its pigmentation and possible implication on the light-shade adaptation. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 24: 307-316. (3) Ni, L., 2000. Stress of fertile sediment on the growth of submersed macrophytes in eutrophic waters. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 24 (in press) (4) Song, B., Xie, P. & Takamura, N., 1999. Species composition and seasonal density dynamics of ciliated Protozoa in Baoan Lake with particular reference to the submerged Macrophytes. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol. 17: 86-96. (5) Ji, X., Xie, P. and Xiong, B., 1999. A preliminary ecological study on epizoa of cladoceran zooplankton in a eutrophic Chinese lake, Lake Donghu. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 23 (suppl.): 59-66. (6) Tang, H., Xie, P., Xiong B. and Takamura N., 1999. Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of Lake Donghu, Wuhan. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 23(suppl.): 1-7. (7) Gong, Z., Wang, S. and Xie, P., 1999. Community structure of macrozoobenthos in a shallow macrophytic lake, lake biandantang. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 23(suppl.) : 106-114. (8) Ni, L., 1999. Experimental studies on the growth of Potamogeton maackianus A. Been under low-light stress in highly eutrophic water. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 23(suppl.) 53-58. (9) Ni, L., 1999. Effects of cutting on the growth and photosynthesis of Egeria densa (Planchon) Caspary. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 23(suppl.) 187-192. (10) Lu, M. and Ni, L., 1999. Submersed macrophytes of Lake Biandantang. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 23(suppl.) 47-52. (11) Zhuge, Y., 1999. Occurrence of Rotifera in a shallow macrophytic lake, Lake Biandantang, China. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 23(suppl.) 87-95. (12) Zhuge Y., Huang X. and Koste W., 1998. Zur kenntnis der rotatorienfauna (Rotifera) der insel Hainan, China. Teil II. Osnabrucker Naturwissenschaftiche Mitteilungen Band 24: 183-222. . (13) Xie, P. and Takamura, N., 1998. Community structure of planktonic Copepoda in a shallow, macrophytic lake, Lake Biandantang (Hubei, China). Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 22 :1-8.