Achievements of research
1 The research on structure and function of agro-ecosystem and the way to improve its productivity in Song-nen plain, China. Received first class of scientific and technological progress prize from Chang-Chun branch of CAS, October 1998.
Compere:Xiaozeng Han,Research professor,138 Haping Rd, Harbin, P.R.China, 150040, Email: xdhsxzh@mail.hrb.hl.cninfo.net,Tel: 0451-6602940,Fax: 0451-6603736.
Charged by:Hailun Experimental Station of Agricultural Ecology
Key Words: Function of agro-ecosystem,Productivity
The main study contents: This task was a special topic in the secondary project titled 'Structure And Function Of Agro-Ecosystem And The Way To Improve Its Productivity In Main Regions Of Different Climatic Types Of China'(KJ85-06-01, which is involved in the 'Eight Five' significant fundamental research project titled 'Research On The Structure And Function Of The Of Main Types of Ecosystems Of China And The Way To Improve Its Productivity ' (KJ85-06)assigned by the CAS.
This topic was completed by Hailun experimental Station of Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Important progress made in this topic: (1) The research on the mechanism of water and fertilizer regulation and control and its optimizing management practice in wheat-corn-soybean farm system. This achievement provide a scientific foundation for the aim of high yield, high benefit grain production in northeast Song-nen plain. On the basis of the research on water equilibrium, the dynamic change of soil water and the law of water consumption and requirement by the crop in prairie soil region, the alternative optimizing combination of tillage, the organic fertilizer-adding and the mulching practice was brought forward. On the basis of the research on nutrient equilibrium, fertilizer supply ability and fertilization efficiency in prairie soil region, the optimizing fertilizer proportion was brought forward and the model of the chemical fertilizer use rate at different soil fertility condition has been established.
(2) Wheat-corn-sweet clover rotation system harvest an additional crop of pasturage with a marginally losses in grains yield, which provide food for stockbreeding, fertilize soil, improve the WUE (water use efficiency) and increase the economic benefit. It has been proved to be an alternative mothod to develop sustainable agriculture. Research on grain and grass rotation system involved a Leguminosae plants will be helpful for develop stockbreeding and fertilizing the soil. It is suggested that this mode of rotation be used in middle-low field in view of the losses of grain yield.
(3) plant autumn vegetable after wheat improve the land use efficiency and productivity. It is suggested that be used in bottom of a gentle down land in view of the deficiency of soil water.
2 Control of yield losses by continuous soybean and prevention and cure techniques for main plant diseases and insect pests. Received third class of scientific and technological progress prize from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, June 1998 and the second class of scientific and technological progress prize from Heilongjiang Province.
Compere:Xiaozeng Han,Research professor,138 Haping Rd,Harbin, P.R.China, 150040, Email: xdhsxzh@mail.hrb.hl.cninfo.net,Tel: 0451-6602940,Fax: 0451-6603736.
Charged by:Hailun Experimental Station of Agricultural Ecology
Key Words: continuous soybean, main plant diseases and insect pests
The main study contents: The research on control of yields losses by continuous soybean and prevention and cure techniques for main plant diseases and insect pests is a special topic in national 'Nine Five' key task-tackling project.
The reason of yield loss by continuous soybean has been primarily revealed in this study through lab test and long-term site-specific experiments established in different ecological zone. Therewith, control technique of yield losses by continuous soybean has been developed and its technical principle has been determined. Soybean crops for rotation induce a heavy occurrence of soilborne disease and an increase of harm organism, which restrain or destroy the soybean root. Intermediate products of decomposed substance of soybean root restrain the growth of soybean root. And also the absorption, transportation and nitrogen fixation ability of soybean root get weaken or total lost under the two kind of destruction by biologic and non-biologic factors, which cause a decrease in soybean yield. The strategy for solve such a problem has been developed.
First of all, the varieties of anti-nematode and antigen materials to root-rot diseases has to be screened.
Secondary, specific preparation with both the function of pesticides and nourishment effect has to be developed for soybean.
Thirdly is to develop the special purpose fertilizer for soybean.
Fourthly is to adopt biological pest control method to prevent soybean cyst nematode.
And lastly, is to use the agronomic practice such as break the old ridge to make a new one and proper condensed planting.
This technique called 'Control of yield losses by continuous soybean and prevention and cure techniques for main plant diseases and insect pests' has been extend up to 11 million hectares in Heilongjiang Province in six years, which increase soybean yield by 2.45 million tons and increase income by 4.58 million Yuan, obtained significant social and economic benefit.
3 Mechanism of erosion of Phaeozem in Northeast China and the mode for ecological economic construction. Received third class of scientific and technological progress prize from Heilongjiang provinced in May 1997
Compere:Xiaozeng Han,Research professor,138 Haping Rd, Harbin, P.R.China, 150040, Email: xdhsxzh@mail.hrb.hl.cninfo.net,Tel: 0451-6602940,Fax: 0451-6603736.
Charged by:Hailun Experimental Station of Agricultural Ecology
Key Words: Phaeozem, ecological economic construction
The main study contents: Phaeozem is the main cultivated soils in Heilongjiang Province, which account for 45.2% of the total cultivated soils in this province and distributed mainly over South of Xiaoxingan Mountains and North-east of Songnen Plain,(45簙48篘 and 124簙127篍), belonging to Subhumid temperate monsoon climate zone with annual precipitation of 400~600mm mainly took place from June to September, which account for 70~80% of the total preciptiation of a year. The average runoff for many years is 50~150mm in depth. Phaeozem with a relatively heavier-textured quality developed mainly from loess-like sediment in quaternary age. The phaeozem zone has long and slow slopes in topography with a grade of 1~6篴nd 500~1000m in length. Almost all of them are cultivated for about 70 to 100 years, which is thick at the beginning of cultivation and is a soil of high fertility. The natural factors that cause the phaeozem being corroded are concentrated rainfall at a short period, hervier-texured and bad penetrability characteristics, and long and slow slope. And the human factors are improper heavy exploited that destroyed the natural vegetation, tillage in the same direction as the slope, cultivating roughly, maladjustment in using and conservation the soil, as well as long-period of cultivation. The results of the erosion bring about a thinner soil layer, low fertility and yield of crop. Phaeozem zone in Heilongjiang province is the major grain production region, and take a decisive position in the construction of marketable grain base. However, erosion of phaeozem has been the deadly harm for the base construction, which we should pay more attention to. To accelerate the pace of prevention and cure of soil erosion, experiments and investigations was made in Keshan county, Baiquan county, Beian county, Hailun city, which covered about 200 km2. The results revealed preliminary the current situation of phaeozem erosion, including erosion current situation of sloping cultivated land, erosion degree graded, erosion modulus, erosion capacity allowed, current fertility situation of Phaeozem eroded at different degree, ability of maintaining water and fertility, and also revealed the anti-erosion ability of Phaeozem according to anti-clash intensity, coefficient of dispersion, percolation rate etc, as well as the measures for conservation of water and soil at different extent of erosion and the crop fitted to grow in.
4 Fertilizing farming system and practices for fertilizer and water management control in Song-nen plain, China. Received fourth class of scientific and technological progress prize from Heilongjiang Province. October 1998. Compere:Xiaozeng Han,Research professor,138 Haping Rd, Harbin, P.R.China, 150040, Email: xdhsxzh@mail.hrb.hl.cninfo.net,Tel: 0451-6602940,Fax: 0451-6603736. Charged by:Hailun Experimental Station of Agricultural Ecology Key Words: water management control, Fertilizing farming system The main study contents: This is an integrative technical results with high content of science and technology, including practical techniques, optimized patterns and strategic countermeasure. There are six items of operable technical results with the following characteristic: 1)brought forward the new system of fertilization, rotation and cultivation with the methods of techniques-integrated, which have a scientific basis. 2)established an optimizing mode of with the combination of farming and livestock from the viewpoint of energy circulation. 3)clarified the prime principle and way of preserve Phaeozem resource and fully use renewable resource at the viewpoint of sustainable development of agriculture4)Combined research with production organically, conducted experiment, demonstration and generalization at the same time, obtaining a good benefits.5)brought forward the strategic countermeasure for preventing erosion of phaeozem and the sustaining agriculture in Song-nen plain with the main targets: 761.8kg hm-2 of grain harvest on the fertilization system followed the combination of farming and stockbreeding, with the economic benefit at 2,923.2Yuan hm-2, which is 11.2% and 25.0% higher than that on the present system of fertilization; keep the soil organic matter in a relative stable level, with a lightly increase by 0.04%; for the best system of rotation in which the soil be used and maintained at the same time, the economic yield, 4113.2kg hm-2, economic benefits, 4593.7Yuan hm-2, which are higher than corn-soybean-wheat rotation system by 3.0% and 19.0%;672.1kg hm-2 in grain yield and 2124.4yuan hm-2 in economic benefits in energy-saving and high benefit system in which use and maintain at the same time, with 15.8% and 7.6%higher respectively; improving nitrogen use efficiency by 36.4% in the best optimized system for fertilizing by regulating the water and fertilizer management and water use efficiency by 42.9%; biological yield 1073.9kg hm-2, energy use efficiency 0.40%, Energy productivity 1.43, economic income 4620Yuan hm-2 under the optimizing mode of combining farming with stockbreeding, with 64.6%, 48.2%, 16.3% and 54.1% higher than that before the research being conducted. The technical achievement was generalized up to 653,000 hm2, with the income increase by 309 million yuan.
5 The law on nutrient equilibrium and its movement in black siol, Northeast China.
Compere:Xiaozeng Han,Research professor,138 Haping Rd, Harbin, P.R.China, 150040, Email: xdhsxzh@mail.hrb.hl.cninfo.net,Tel: 0451-6602940,Fax: 0451-6603736.
Charged by:Hailun Experimental Station of Agricultural Ecology
Key Words: Black siol, The law on nutrient equilibrium
The main study contents: The results of 11-year-site-specific experiments indicated that spontaneous nutrient supplying capacities of typical Phaeozem farmland during 11 years were: Nitrogen supplying capacity declined to 50%~60% from 92% in the plot without nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus supplying capacity decreased to 80%~90% from 98% in the plot of no phosphorous fertilizer, and potassium supplying capacity dropped slowly to about 90% from 100% in the plot of no potassium, Nutrient equilibrium of soil and its changes control the law of nutrient growth and decline of farmland. The model of correlation between the growth and loss of available phosphorus and surplus and loss of phosphorus is Y=2.895+0.134X, the model of correlation between growth and decline of quick effective potassium and surplus and loss of potassium is Y=18.81+0.163X.